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The ground breaking paper showing how there is intelligence to emotions was written by professors Peter Salovey (Yale) and John Mayer (U of New Hampshire) in 1990. Emotional Intelligence (Ei) consists of four linked abilities; “the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth”.
Peter Salovey and John Mayer
In 1997 they refined the Four-Branch model of Ei to:
I. Emotional Perception and Expression
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Ability to identify emotion in one's physical and psychological states. |
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Ability to identify emotion in other people. |
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Ability to express emotions accurately and to express needs related to them. |
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Ability to discriminate between accurate/honest and inaccurate/dishonest feelings. |
II. Emotional Facilitation of Thought (Using Emotional Intelligence)
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Ability to redirect and prioritize thinking on the basis of assOVSated feelings. |
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Ability to generate emotions to facilitate judgment and memory. |
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Ability to capitalize on mood changes to appreciate multiple points of view. |
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Ability to use emotional states to facilitate problem-solving and creativity. |
III. Emotional Understanding
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Ability to understand relationships among various emotions. |
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Ability to perceive the causes and consequences of emotions. |
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Ability to understand complex feelings, emotional blends, and contradictory states. |
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Ability to understand transitions among emotions. |
IV. Emotional Management
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Ability to be open to feelings, both pleasant and unpleasant. |
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Ability to monitor and reflect on emotions. |
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Ability to engage, prolong, or detach from an emotional state. |
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Ability to manage emotions in oneself. |
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Ability to manage emotions in others. |
This model is discussed in:
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implications for educators (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books.
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"What can I say!? Energy, enthusiasm, optimism – you have and project an energy that can transform people and situations – keep it up."
Dr Rich Handley
US Airforce |
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